A Survey on Holes Problem in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

The paper aims to put in the forefront a survey on problem of existing holes Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs). Anomalies wireless sensor networks can weaken network by impeding its functionalities. These anomalies commonly known as may cause irreversible devastating problems and prove fatal humans. There be different network, such coverage hole, routing jamming sink/ worm etc. This intends discuss various WUSNs, reasons behind their occurrence, techniques mitigate issues. An efficient hole detection technique shall increase lifetime, use lesser resources give accurate results with zero false positives. To light present scenario, methods/ used cope types have been discussed detail presenting analysis, constraints, advantages. Besides, it would also touch upon comparative analysis terms soundness limitations these techniques. study is concluded future research directions.